These controversies regarding the relationships amongst citizenship pressure, OCBs and CCBs might be because of the ways that OCBs are calculated. From the literature, OCBs have generally been described as spontaneous behaviours and rated by colleagues or leaders (e.g.two). Other-rated measurements are struggling to identify the behavioural motivations underlying OCBs1,11. https://www.youtube.com/shorts/ZsO9iQ1SGS4